Items are summed to create a total score, with higher scores indicating higher levels of depression.
#Beck depression inventory printable manual
The BDI-II is a 21-item self-report measure that taps major depression symptoms according to diagnostic criteria listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders. So far, the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) has become one of the most widely used measures to assess depressive symptoms and their severity in adolescents and adults. This disorder is characterized by changes in sleep, appetite and psychomotricity, decreased concentration and decision-making ability, loss of self-confidence, feelings of inferiority or worthlessness and guilt, as well as despair and recurrent thoughts of death with ideation, planning and/or suicidal acts. Īccording to the World Health Organization depression is the leading cause of years lived with disability (YLD), and the most prevalent disorder among serious psychiatric disorders in primary care setting. Another setback is the high financial cost that it entails, which translates into low productivity, workplace absenteeism, outpatient care, hospitalizations and pharmacological treatments. Depression stands out not only for its high prevalence, but also due to the probability of associated relapse and recurrence. It is currently known that more than 350 million people suffer from depression worldwide and that it significantly contributes to the global burden of disease. Practical implications are discussed and suggestions for further research are also made.ĭepression is a common mood disorder that affects individual’functioning individual ‘functioning across different domains. Scores on BDI-II discriminated between clinical and general population, supporting for external validity. Internal reliability was moderate to high for all subscales and for the total scale. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a bifactor model with a general depression factor and three specific factors consisting of cognitive, affective and somatic showed the best fit to the data.
The purpose of the present study was twofold: (a) to examine the latent structure of BDI-II by testing several competing models proposed in the literature and (b) to provide evidence of validity and reliability of the BDI-II in Republic Dominican.
Although the psychometric properties of the scale have been well established through many studies worldwide, so far there is no study examining the validity and reliability of BDI-II in Republic Dominican. The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) is currently one of the most widely used measures in both research and clinical practice for assessing depression.
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